The results of Study I revealed no EEG power changes between pre-hypnosis and hypnosis conditions, challenging the current understanding that the increase of theta power is a marker of the hypnosis state. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and t-tests were used in the statistical analysis of the studies. It compared the six-month follow-up outcome of the hypnotherapy with the outcome of a short CBT in various self-report symptom scales. The fourth study used a controlled, randomized design in investigating the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in treating adults with ADHD. The suggestions aimed at improving speed and accuracy. The third study examined, in adults with ADHD and in healthy control participants, whether hypnotic suggestions can influence performance in a three-minute version of the auditory CPT. Both studies included in the hypnotic-suggestion condition suggestions aimed at altering the tone perception (“all tones sound similar in pitch”). In the second study, the MMN was recorded at three frontal electrodes using a passive oddball paradigm with sinusoidal standard (500 Hz) and deviant (520 Hz) tone stimuli. In the first study, EEG spectral power was measured and analyzed at ten frontal, central, and posterior/occipital electrodes.

The first and second studies included a common EEG experiment with nine highly hypnotizable participants. The first three studies had a similar procedural structure including four experimental conditions: 1) pre-hypnosis, 2) after a hypnotic induction (i.e., neutral hypnosis), 3) hypnotic-suggestion condition with study-specific suggestions and 4) post-hypnosis. The present thesis applied various methods for investigating the research aims: EEG (Studies I–II), behavioral reaction time task (Study III) and self-report measures for evaluating the follow-up results of two individual psychological treatments, hypnotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in ADHD adults (Study IV). The latter was measured as the performance on a Continuous Performance Test (CPT) 3) whether hypnotherapy and hypnotic suggestions can be applied to adults with ADHD to relieve their symptoms in a long-lasting way, and to improve their attentional performance in an auditory reaction time task requiring sustained voluntary attention. The former was indexed by the pre-attentive mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related potential (ERP). The present thesis examined: 1) whether hypnosis differs from the wake state as measured with the spectral power density of electroencephalography (EEG) 2) whether hypnosis and hypnotic suggestions can be used to influence bottom-up and/or top-down auditory attention. Two studies focused on highly hypnotizable healthy participants, one study compared adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to control participants, and one investigated solely adults with ADHD.Īims. This thesis investigated whether brain oscillations, pre-attentive auditory information processing, auditory attentional performance, and deficits of attention can be influenced by hypnosis and hypnotic suggestions. This thesis includes experimental and clinical research of hypnosis from the perspectives of brain functions, behavioral performance, and clinical interventions. The present thesis combines studies on hypnosis, attention, and attention deficits from various perspectives to extend our understanding of hypnosis and its applications.

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